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JavaScript Sintaks dan simantikSehingga 2009, versi terbaru bagi bahasa ini ialah JavaScript 1.8.1. Ia merupakan superset bagi ECMAScript (ECMA-262) Edition 3. Sambungan kepada bahasa berkenaan, termasuklah sokongan separa untuk E4X (ECMA-357) dan tampilan-tampilan eksperimental yang diambil kira untuk disertakan dalam edisi-edisi ECMAScript masa hadapan, didokumentasikan di sini.[2]
Fungsi rekursif ringkas:
function factorial(n) { if (n === 0) { return 1; } return n * factorial(n - 1); }
Skrip aluan ringkas:
var nama = prompt("Nama anda siapa?");alert("Selamat datang "+nama);
Sintaks fungsi awanama (atau lambda):
function add (i, j) { var add_pri = function (x, y) { return x + y; }; return add_pri(i, j);}
function showclosure () { var inc = makeinc(1); inc(); // 1 inc(); // 2 inc(); // 3}function makeinc (initialValue) { var count = initialValue; return function () { return count++; };}
Demonstrasi fungsi variadik. 1 akan dialert, kemudian 2, seterusnya 3. arguments merupakan pemboleh ubah khas.
function unlimited_args () { for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) { alert(arguments[i]); }}unlimited_args(1, 2, 3);
Kod sampel ini menunjukkan pelbagai tampilan-tampilan JavaScript.
/* Finds the lowest common multiple of two numbers */function LCMCalculator (x, y) { // constructor function var checkInt = function (x) { // inner function if (x % 1 !== 0) { throw new TypeError(x + "is not an integer"); // exception throwing } return x; }; this.a = checkInt(x) // ^ semicolons are optional (but beware since this may cause consecutive lines to be //erroneously treated as a single statement) this.b = checkInt(y);}// The prototype of object instances created by a constructor is // that constructor's "prototype" property.LCMCalculator.prototype = { // object literal constructor : LCMCalculator, // when reassigning a prototype, set the constructor property appropriately gcd : function () { // method that calculates the greatest common divisor // Euclidean algorithm: var a = Math.abs(this.a), b = Math.abs(this.b), t; if (a < b) { // swap variables t = b; b = a; a = t; } while (b !== 0) { t = b; b = a % b; a = t; } // Only need to calculate gcd once, so "redefine" this method. // (Actually not redefinition - it's defined on the instance itself, // so that this.gcd refers to this "redefinition" instead of LCMCalculator.prototype.gcd.) // Also, 'gcd' == "gcd", this['gcd'] == this.gcd this['gcd'] = function () { return a; }; return a; }, "lcm" /* can use strings here */: function () { // Variable names don't collide with object properties, e.g. |lcm| is not |this.lcm|. // not using |this.a * this.b| to avoid FP precision issues var lcm = this.a / this.gcd() * this.b; // Only need to calculate lcm once, so "redefine" this method. this.lcm = function () { return lcm; }; return lcm; }, toString : function () { return "LCMCalculator: a = " + this.a + ", b = " + this.b; }};// Note: Array's map() and forEach() are predefined in JavaScript 1.6.// They are currently not available in the JScript engine built into// Microsoft Internet Explorer, but are implemented in Firefox, Chrome, etc.// They are used here to demonstrate JavaScript's inherent functional nature.[[25, 55],[21, 56],[22, 58],[28, 56]].map(function (pair) { // array literal + mapping function return new LCMCalculator(pair[0], pair[1]);}).sort(function (a, b) { // sort with this comparative function return a.lcm() - b.lcm();}).forEach(function (obj) { /* Note: print() is a JS builtin function available in Mozilla's js CLI; * It is functionally equivalent to Java's System.out.println(). * Within a web browser, print() is a very different function * (opens the "Print Page" dialog), * so use something like document.write() or alert() instead. */ // print (obj + ", gcd = " + obj.gcd() + ", lcm = " + obj.lcm()); // alert (obj + ", gcd = " + obj.gcd() + ", lcm = " + obj.lcm()); document.write(obj + ", gcd = " + obj.gcd() + ", lcm = " + obj.lcm() + "<br />");});
Keluaran berikut sepatutnya akan dipaparkan pada tetingkap pelayar.
LCMCalculator: a = 28, b = 56, gcd = 28, lcm = 56LCMCalculator: a = 21, b = 56, gcd = 7, lcm = 168LCMCalculator: a = 25, b = 55, gcd = 5, lcm = 275LCMCalculator: a = 22, b = 58, gcd = 2, lcm = 638
Jika Internet Explorer digunakan, contoh tadi akan menghasilkan ralat. Dengan itu, contoh tadi menunjukkan bahawa pentafsir JScript bagi Internet Explorer melakukan kod dengan cara berbeza berbanding pentafsir JavaScript dan ECMAScript dalam pelayar web lain. (Lihat ulasan dalam kod sumber untuk perincian perbezaan yang relevan bagi contoh ini.)
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WikiPedia: JavaScript http://www.ilmuit.com/category/127 http://mozilla.org/js https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1... https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/New_in...